Turnkey provides powerful, low-level primitives for secure, programmable key management using TEEs (Trusted Execution Environments). Built by the team that created Coinbase Custody, Turnkey offers the fastest signing latency (50-100ms) in the market. Turnkey supports 7702 smart accounts, a full suite of authentication methods, and UI components. However, custom email templates, custom domains, and SMS authentication are only available on custom tiers. Turnkey does not support custom JWT token and OIDC authentication, and gasless transactions are only available on custom plans.
Turnkey focuses primarily on company and treasury-based wallets, with features like key quorum designed for enterprise customers. The Pro tier includes only 2,000 available wallets, reflecting this enterprise orientation. Turnkey has also expanded into AI agent wallets with policy-controlled signing. Clients include Spectral Labs, Legend Labs, and Alchemy (under the hood).
Why Developers Look for Turnkey Alternatives
- Gasless transactions on custom plans only: Gas sponsorship requires a custom plan, unlike Openfort's free tier
- Not self-hostable: Proprietary TEE infrastructure on AWS
- Authentication limitations: Turnkey supports a full suite of auth methods but does not support custom JWT token and OIDC authentication. Custom email templates, custom domains, and SMS authentication are only available on custom tiers
- Enterprise/treasury focus: Turnkey's Pro tier includes only 2,000 wallets, and features like key quorum cater to enterprise customers rather than high-volume consumer apps
What are the Best Turnkey Alternatives?
- Openfort is the top professional choice, offering a full wallet stack with native smart account superpowers (gas sponsorship, policy engines) and open-source sovereignty.
- Privy is a great option for teams looking for a complete product alternative to Turnkey's infrastructure.
1. Openfort
Openfort (that's us 👋) is an open-source wallet infrastructure solution that provides powerful wallet capabilities to abstract crypto complexity for both users and developers. Its platform allows developers to plug and play any signer—including Opensigner for embedded wallets—and contract they prefer, simplifying the whole vertical use case from cross-app ecosystems and AI agents to fintech and DeFi.
Beyond embedded wallets, Openfort provides TEE backend wallets for server-side key storage. These backend wallets run inside Trusted Execution Environments and are purpose-built for permission-controlled signing and automatic transactions—ideal for AI agents, automated treasury management, and backend-triggered workflows where no end-user is present. While Turnkey also offers TEE-based signing and supports 7702 smart accounts, Openfort provides a more integrated experience with gasless transactions on its free tier and custom JWT/OIDC authentication support. Critically, Openfort offers less dependency on the wallet provider—enterprises can self-host Opensigner for full compliance control and flexibility, rather than relying on a proprietary service.
A key differentiator is accessibility of gas sponsorship. While Turnkey does support gasless transactions natively, this feature is only available on custom plans. Openfort includes built-in paymasters that enable gasless transactions starting from its free tier, so your users never need to hold native tokens to interact with your application from day one.
Key Features
- Complete wallet stack vs. primitives: Turnkey supports 7702 smart accounts and a broad range of auth methods, but is oriented toward enterprise and treasury use cases with its Pro tier limited to 2,000 wallets. Openfort provides a complete, integrated stack out of the box—with gasless transactions on its free tier, custom JWT/OIDC authentication support, and ready-to-use SDKs.
- Open source and self-hostable: Openfort's signer infrastructure (Opensigner) is open-source and comparable to Turnkey's security model but fully self-hostable. You own the stack and can audit every line. Learn more about how to avoid wallet vendor dependency.
- Concrete example: You want to launch a fintech app with embedded wallets next week. Turnkey's feature set is broad, but gasless transactions require a custom plan and its Pro tier is limited to 2,000 wallets. With Openfort, you plug in the SDK, configure your smart account policies, and go live with gasless transactions on the free tier from day one—with the option to self-host Opensigner for full sovereignty.
Comparison Table: Openfort vs. Turnkey
| Feature | Openfort | Turnkey |
|---|---|---|
| Support custom JWT and OIDC | Yes | No |
| Gasless Transactions | Free tier | Custom plans only |
| Session Keys | ✅ Onchain | ✅ Offchain |
| Self-Hostable (Embedded) | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Pricing | Usage-based (per operation) | Usage (per signature) |
Scaling Considerations
Openfort uses usage-based pricing where an operation is defined as creating a wallet or sending a transaction—you only pay for what you actually use. This is particularly advantageous for teams with high user volume but low transaction volume, since you're not paying for dormant wallets the way you would with Turnkey's per-wallet fees.
On the infrastructure side, Turnkey supports 7702 smart accounts and gas sponsorship natively, though gasless transactions are only available on custom plans. Openfort orchestrates both the keys and the transactions with gasless transactions available from its free tier. For high-volume automated signing (trading bots, for instance), Turnkey's raw signing speed is hard to beat. But for user-facing applications where you need gasless transactions from day one, session keys, and transaction batching, Openfort handles the full pipeline out of the box. Additionally, Openfort offers less dependency on the wallet provider through self-hostable Opensigner, giving enterprises compliance control and the flexibility to avoid vendor lock-in.
Why developers choose Openfort
Builders choose Openfort when they want to build an early product with all the available features on the free plan and have the optionality to change providers thanks to the key management implementation. Openfort is more generous at early projects and startups with free tier. You get a complete, production-ready wallet-as-a-service stack that covers both embedded wallets and backend wallet automations—with fair, usage-based pricing where everything is an operation (no differnet concepts between wallet and signature).
2. Privy
Privy (acquired by Stripe) is the leading embedded wallet product. Privy uses similar TEE technology to Turnkey under the hood but packages it into a complete product.
Comparison Table: Privy vs. Turnkey
| Feature | Privy | Turnkey |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Consumer Product | Developer Infra |
| Integration | React SDK | Raw API and SDKs |
| Onboarding | ✅ Best-in-class | ✅ |
| Auth | Full suite | Full suite (no custom JWT/OIDC) |
| Pricing | MAU-based | Usage-based |
Scaling Considerations
Privy's main advantage over Turnkey is time to market. Where Turnkey requires weeks or months of integration work to build a complete wallet experience, Privy gets you live in hours with a polished onboarding flow. Since the Stripe acquisition, Privy has deepened its integration with stablecoin and fiat payment rails, making it particularly strong for consumer fintech applications.
Why developers choose Privy
Teams choose Privy when shipping speed and user conversion rates are the top priorities. Privy abstracts away the low-level crypto engineering that Turnkey exposes, which is a benefit if you want a finished product rather than building blocks. The trade-off is that Privy does not include blockchain infrastructure like paymasters for gasless transactions, and building on Privy now means building within Stripe's ecosystem.
3. Dynamic
Dynamic (acquired by Fireblocks) offers a polished wallet adapter and embedded wallet. Dynamic is another "product-layer" alternative to Turnkey's "infra-layer".
Comparison Table: Dynamic vs. Turnkey
| Feature | Dynamic | Turnkey |
|---|---|---|
| UI | ✅ Polished Widget | ❌ None |
| Multi-chain | ✅ EVM, SVM, Bitcoin | ✅+10 chains |
| Auth | Socials + Wallets | Full suite (no custom JWT/OIDC) |
| Pricing | SaaS | Usage |
| Maintenance | Managed | Self-managed logic |
Scaling Considerations
Dynamic handles UI complexity that Turnkey intentionally leaves to developers. If your primary need is a polished frontend wallet connection experience with multi-chain support, Dynamic provides that as a managed service. However, Dynamic was acquired by Fireblocks in 2025, which may shift its long-term focus toward enterprise use cases.
Why developers choose Dynamic
Teams choose Dynamic when they need a beautiful, ready-made wallet UI and don't want to build frontend components from scratch. Dynamic's strength is in its polished widget experience and multi-chain wallet connection flows. The trade-off is that Dynamic, like Turnkey, does not include blockchain infrastructure such as paymasters for gasless transactions—and as a Fireblocks subsidiary, its roadmap may increasingly prioritize enterprise requirements over startup needs.
4. Web3Auth
Web3Auth (acquired by Metamask) uses MPC (Multi-Party Computation) instead of TEEs. It's the main alternative security model to Turnkey.
Comparison Table: Web3Auth vs. Turnkey
| Feature | Web3Auth | Turnkey |
|---|---|---|
| Tech | MPC TSS | TEE (Enclaves) |
| Network | Distributed | Centralized (AWS) |
| Auth | Social Login | Full suite (no custom JWT/OIDC) |
| Cost | Affordable | Usage-based |
| Integration | SDK | API |
Scaling Considerations
Web3Auth's MPC-based architecture distributes key shares across multiple parties, which some teams prefer over Turnkey's centralized TEE model for philosophical or compliance reasons. The trade-off is signing latency—MPC ceremonies add overhead compared to TEE-based signing. Web3Auth is widely adopted with a large developer community, and at $69/month it remains the most affordable option in the space.
Why developers choose Web3Auth
Teams choose Web3Auth for robust social login support at the lowest cost in the market, combined with an MPC security model that offers decentralization benefits. It's a strong fit for consumer applications where social login is the primary requirement. However, Web3Auth does not include blockchain infrastructure like paymasters for gasless transactions, and its MPC signing latency (~500ms+) is significantly slower than Turnkey's TEE-based approach.
5. Dfns
Dfns is a direct competitor to Turnkey in the "Wallet-as-a-Service" infrastructure space. Dfns uses MPC and focuses heavily on security and compliance for banks and fintechs.
Comparison Table: Dfns vs. Turnkey
| Feature | Dfns | Turnkey |
|---|---|---|
| Tech | MPC | TEE |
| Target | Banks / Fintech | Crypto Native |
| Compliance | ✅ High (SOC2, etc) | ✅ High |
| Deployment | Cloud / On-prem | Cloud |
| Pricing | Enterprise | Usage |
Scaling Considerations
Dfns targets a different segment than Turnkey. Where Turnkey appeals to crypto-native builders, Dfns focuses on traditional financial institutions that require specific MPC guarantees, SOC2 compliance, and on-premises deployment options. Dfns typically has higher minimum monthly fees suited for enterprise contracts, which makes it less accessible for startups.
Why developers choose Dfns
Teams choose Dfns when they're building for regulated financial institutions that require MPC-based key management with compliance certifications and on-premises deployment options. Dfns and Turnkey are both infrastructure-level solutions, but Dfns' compliance focus gives it an edge with banks and fintechs. Neither Dfns nor Turnkey includes gasless transaction infrastructure like paymasters—both expect you to build that layer yourself.
Building In-House Wallet Product
Using Turnkey is essentially building in-house, just outsourcing the HSM/Enclave part.
Pros
- Control: You build the exact logic you want.
- Security: Turnkey handles the hardest part (key storage).
Cons
- Effort: You still have to build 80% of the wallet (transaction construction, parsing, gas, nonce management).
For a deeper dive into the trade-offs, check out our guide on building vs buying wallet infrastructure.
Conclusion
Turnkey is an excellent piece of infrastructure with 7702 smart accounts, a full suite of auth methods, and multichain support. Its TEE-based signing is the fastest in the market, and its policy engine is well-suited for advanced use cases like AI agents. However, Turnkey is oriented toward enterprise and treasury use cases—the Pro tier includes only 2,000 wallets, and features like key quorum cater to enterprise customers. Gasless transactions are only available on custom plans, custom email templates and SMS require custom tiers, and custom JWT/OIDC authentication is not supported.
If you want a complete wallet-as-a-service stack that gets you to market fast—with gasless transactions from the free tier, custom JWT/OIDC authentication, both embedded wallets and TEE backend wallets, and open-source flexibility through Opensigner—Openfort is the better choice. Openfort offers less dependency on the wallet provider: you can self-host Opensigner for full compliance control and flexibility, rather than relying on a proprietary service. You get fair, usage-based pricing where you only pay per operation, with key differentiators in gas sponsorship accessibility, authentication flexibility, and infrastructure sovereignty.
Check out Openfort's documentation to learn more. See also: Web3Auth alternatives, Privy alternatives, Thirdweb alternatives.